![]() Reading with comprehension occurs when children can convert the meaning represented by words in print to a meaning that they can readily understand. Knowledge of language includes more than vocabulary and simple sentence construction it also includes students’ knowledge of language structures, print concepts, and verbal reasoning skills (Scarborough, 2001). The Simple View of Reading, a prominent theory of reading development, contends that students become readers when they can marshal the skills to decode words while simultaneously drawing on their knowledge of language for reading comprehension (Baker et al., 2017 Gough & Tunmer, 1986 Hoover & Gough, 1990). This paper describes the essential elements that should be implemented in a structured early literacy program-elements that have proven effective across decades of research. Depending on the grade level and students’ needs, these skills include phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency (reading smoothly and accurately), vocabulary, and comprehension. For many, learning to read can be tough work.įurthermore, these teachers know that the core of a strong early literacy block is instruction on the foundational literacy skills upon which students’ development as readers and writers is built (Foorman et al., 2016 Gersten et al., 2007 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000 Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998). In addition to these intertwined factors, at its essence, learning to read involves knowing the alphabet, being able to decode, recognizing words accurately and fluently, comprehending the ideas represented in text, and more. The most effective early-grade teachers understand that “reading is a complex developmental challenge that intertwined with many other developmental accomplishments: attention, memory, language, and motivation” (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998, p. ICLE (International Center for Leadership in Education)Ĭustomer Service & Technical Support Portal Into Algebra 1, Geometry, Algebra 2, 8-12 ![]() Science & Engineering Leveled Readers, K-5 ![]()
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